Kabaddi: South Asian Games and Bonus Line

Kabaddi is aptly known as the â€Å"GAME OF THE MASSES â€Å"due to its popularity, simplicity, easy to comprehend rules, and public appeal. The game calls for no sophisticated equipment what so ever, which makes it a very popular sport in the developing countries. It is basically an out door sport played on clay court, of late the game is being played on synthetic surface indoors with great success. The duration of the game is 45 minutes for MEN & Junior BOYS with a 5 minutes break in between for the teams to change sides.The duration of the game is 35 minutes with a 5 miniutes break in between for WOMEN, GIRLS, Sub-Junior BOYS and Sub-Junior GIRLS. Kabaddi is a combative team game, played on a rectangular court, either out-doors or indoors with seven players on the ground for each side. Each side takes alternate chances of offence and defense. The basic idea of the game is to score points by raiding into the opponents court and touching as many defense players as possible without getting caught on a single breath. During play, the players on the defensive side are called â€Å"Antis† while the player of the offense is called the â€Å"Raider†.Kabaddi is perhaps the only combative sport in which attack is an individual attempt while defense is a group effort. The attack in Kabaddi is known as a ‘Raid'. The antis touched by the raider during the attack are declared ‘out' if they do not succeed in catching, the raider before he returns to home court. These players can resume play only when their side scores points against the opposite side during their raiding turn or if the remaining players succeed in catching the opponent's raider. Yoga, the Indian science to control body and mind through meditation and self-control . lays an integral part of Kabaddi. The raider has to enter the opponent's court chanting the word â€Å"Kabaddi† while holding his breath and has to continue to do so until he returns to his home court. This is known as ‘Cant', which is closely related to â€Å"Pranayama† of yoga. While Pranayama is about with holding breath in order to exercise internal organs, cant is the means to with hold breath with vigorous physical activity. This is perhaps one of the few sports to combine yoga with hectic physical activity.The game calls for agility, good lung capacity, muscular co-ordination, presence of mind and quick responses. For a single player to take on seven opponents is no mean task, requires dare as well as an ability to concentrate and anticipate the opponent's moves. TECHNIQUES OF KABADDI TOP ORIGIN The sport has a long history dating back to pre-historic times. It was probably invented to ward off croup attacks by individuals and vice-versa. The game was very popular in the southern part of Asia played in its different forms under different names.A dramatized version of the great Indian epic, the â€Å"Mahabharata†. has made an analogy of the game to a tight situat ion faced by Abhimaneu, the heir of ‘ the Pandava kings when he is surrounded on all sides by the enemy. Buddhist literature speaks of the Gautam Buddha playing Kabaddi for recreation. History also reveals that princes of yore played Kabaddi to display their strength and win their brides! The game, known as Hu-Tu-Tu in Western India, Ha-Do-Do in Eastern India & Bangladesh, Chedugudu in Southern India and Kaunbada in Northern India, has undergone a sea chance through the ages.Modem Kabaddi is a synthesis of the game played in its various forms under different names. TOP FORMS OF KABADDI AMAR Amar literally means invincible. This is a form of Kabaddi, which is played based -on points scored by both sides. The play field has no specific measurements and nine to eleven players constitute each of the teams. In this form of Kabaddi, there is no ‘out' and . revival' system or ‘Iona' but time is the deciding factor. The main advantage of this form of the game is that tile players remain in the court through out the match and are able to give their best performanceGEMINI This form of Kabaddi is played with nine players on either side, in a play-field of no specific measurements. The principle characteristic of this form of Kabaddi is that a player who is put out has to remain out until all his team members are put out. The team that is successful in putting out all the players of the opponent's side secures a point. This is akin to the present system of ‘Iona'. After all the players are put out, the team is revived and the game continues. The game continues until five or seven ‘Iona' are secured. The game has no fixed time.The main disadvantage of this form of Kabaddi is that the player Is not in position to give his best performance since he is likely to remain out for the better part of the match until a Iona is scored. SANJEEVANI This form of Kabaddi is the closest to the present game. In this form of Kabaddi, players are put out and re vived and the game lasts for 40 minutes with a 5-minute break in between. The team consists of nine players on each side. The team that puts out all the players on the opponent's side scores four extra points for a ‘Iona'.The winning team is the one that scores the maximum number of points at the end of 40 minutes. The play field is bigger in this form of Kabaddi and the ‘cant' was different in various regions. Modem Kabaddi resembles this form of Kabaddi a great deal especially with regard to ‘out & revival system' and ‘Iona'. The present form of Kabaddi is a synthesis of all these forms of Kabaddi with a good number of changes in the rules and regulations. TOP THE GAME'S HISTORY Kabaddi attained National status in the year 1918. Maharashtra was the pioneer state to bring the game to the National platform and give it further popularity.Standard rules and regulations were formulated in 1918 but were brought out in print in the year 1923 and in this very year, an All India Tournament was organized at Baroda with these rules. Kabaddi has not looked back since then and numerous tournaments are organized all over the country through out the year. Kabaddi received its first Inter-National exposure during the 1936 Berlin Olympics, demonstrated by Hanuman Vyayam Prasarak Mandal, Amaravati, Maharashtra. The game was introduced in the Indian Olympic Games at Calcutta, in the year 1938.It was in 1950, that the All India Kabaddi Federation came into existence. Regular conduct of National level championships as per laid down rules and regulations began with effect from the year 1952. After the formation of the Amateur Kabaddi Federation of India, the first men's Nationals were held in Madras (now re-named Chennai), while the women's Nationals were held in Calcutta in the year 1955. The rules were modified and some changes were introduced to the game during the National Championships held at New Delhi in the year 1954.Efforts were made to demonstrat e the game in the World Youth Festival held at Moscow in the year 1957, but due to various unforeseen reasons, this could not be accomplished. The game was included in the curriculum of the Indian University Sports Control Board as a main sports discipline in the year 1961. The game got further recognition when the School Games Federation of India included it in the school games in the year 1962. This body has taken up the responsibility of organizing state and national level competitions for school going children all over the country in various sports on a regular basis, every year.The Amateur Kabaddi Federation of India, the new body, came into existence in the year 1972. This body was formed with a view to popularize the game in the neighboring countries and organize regular National level Men and Women tournaments. After the formation of this body, sub-junior and junior sections were included in Kabaddi national level tournaments, as a regular feature. Kabaddi was included in th e curriculum of Regular Diploma courses in coaching conducted by the National Institute of Sports, the premier institute to develop sports in the country with effect from the year 1971.There after, qualified coaches in Kabaddi are being produced every ear. The neighboring countries, Nepal & Bangladesh also send I their coaches for the diploma course in various disciplines including Kabaddi, regularly. These qualified coaches are equipped to train players at different levels in a systematic manner with sports science back up. In the year 1974, the Indian men's team toured Bangladesh as part of the cultural exchange program to play five test matches in different parts of the country.The Bangladesh returned the visit in the year 1979 and played five test matches in India. The Asian Amateur Kabaddi Federation was formed in the year 1978, during the silver jubilee celebrations of National Kabaddi Championships in India, organized at Bhilai, Madhya Pradesh. The first Asian Championship in Kabaddi was organized in Calcutta, in the year 1980. A goodwill tour was organized in the year 1981 in which, the Indian men & women teams visited Thailand, Japan and Malaysia to play exhibition Kabaddi matches.Federation Cup Kabaddi matches also commenced in the year 1981. Kabaddi was included as a demonstration game in the IX Asian Games hosted by India in the year 1982. In the year 1984, an open Inter- National tournament was organized at Bombay (now renamed as Mumbai), in India. During the Tri-Centenary celebrations of the city of Calcutta, an Inter-National Invitation Kabaddi Tournament was organized in the city. The South Asian Federation included Kabaddi as a regular sports discipline from the year 1984. Kabaddi was played for first time in the SAF games at Dacca, Bangladesh.Since then Kabaddi is being included in every SAF Games, which is played every once in two years. For the first time in the Inter-National Kabaddi scenario, India faced defeat at the hands of Pakistan an d had to be satisfied with second place, winning the silver medal, in the VI SAF Games at Dacca, Bangladesh, in the year 1993. The second Asian Championship was hosted by India and was organized at Jaipur, Rajasthan. Malaysia and Japan participated for the first time in this Championship. In the XI Asian Games held in the year 1990 at Beijing, China, Kabaddi was included in the main disciplines.This was a major landmark in the history of Kabaddi. India won the Gold Medal, which was a proud and unforgettable moment for Kabaddi lovers who had strived to bring Kabaddi to the Asian platform. India has been the reigning champion in the succeeding Asian Games held in 1994 at Hiroshima, Japan and in the Asian Games held in 1998 at Bangkok in Thailand. An International Women Kabaddi tournament commenced in the year 1995, called the Nike Gold Cup, sponsored by NIKE, Japan. The III Asian Championship was hosted by Sri-Lanka in the year 2000.For the first time, Sri-Lanka secured a silver medal , defeating Kabaddi stalwarts Pakistan, in this Championship. Kabaddi will be introduced to the African countries as a demonstration sport in the Afro-Asian Games, which is to be hosted by India in the year 2002. This is a feather in the cap for Kabaddi lovers and has been made possible thanks to the efforts of Mr. J. S. Gehlot, President, Amateur Kabaddi Federation of India and the Indian Olympic Association. TOP DEVELOPMENT OF THE GAME There is a gradual but marked change in the style of the game during the past fifty years.What was once considered a game of brawn is not so now. The introduction of more techniques to the came has made it relatively easier for a player with more skill than weight to score points against better-built opponents. Over the years, the game's pattern changed along with the rules and the size of the playfield. The concept of Kabaddi as an Indigenous Game of India first came up during the year 1921 in Maharashtra, when a certain framework of rules was prep ared and the game was played on the pattern of Sanjeevani & Gemini in a combined form.A special committee was constituted in 1923 which amended the rules. These rules were applied in an All India Kabaddi Tournament organized during the same year. It was the Hanuman Vyayam Prasarak Mandal, Amaravati, Maharashtra, which took up the task of organizing and developing Kabaddi in a more systematic & scientific manner. This Institution believes in the maxim † A healthy mind in a healthy body†, and has been doing yeoman's service to sports in general and indigenous games in particular, over the years.During the years 1927 to 1952, Kabaddi was played in different parts of the country based on rules framed by the various clubs and organizing committees, which mushroomed and gained in prominence. There were frequent disputes over the rules during tournaments owing to lack of uniformity in the rules and regulations followed in various parts of the country. In Maharashtra, the pionee ring state to regularize the game and bring it to the National platform, Kabaddi, which was known as â€Å"Hu-Tu-Tu†, was played according to the rules framed by the Deccan Gymkhana from 1928 to I 938.The introduction of the game to the Inter-national arena as a demonstration game in the 1936 Berlin Olympics led to the inclusion of Kabaddi in the list of priority games of the Indian Olympic Committee, in the year 1940. Thereafter, Inter-provincial Kabaddi tournaments were organized biannually. The matches at the district and provincial level were played as per the rules framed by the Akhil Maharashtra Sharirik Shikshan Mandal, while the Inter-Provincial Championships were based on Buck's Rules of Games and Sports, published by Mr. H. C Buck, Founder principal of YMCA College of Physical Education, Madras.The Indian Olympic Games were re-named as National Games in the year 1952 and are since being organized once in a year instead of biannually. The All India Kabaddi Federation , which was formed in the year 1952 appointed a ‘Rules Sub-Committee' with the express purpose of laying down standard rules and regulations to be followed by affiliated provincial units all over the country. A new set of rules were framed by the Rules Sub-Committee based on Buck's Rules and the game rules followed till then by the Akhil Maharashtra Sharirik Shikshan Mandal.The game's pattern also changed over the years, along with the standardization of rules and regulations. Some of the major changes in the game's pattern include the introduction of the Unproductive Raid Rule, Time Out system, Bonus Line Game, etc that did not change the basic structure of the game but all the same had a lot of impact. Some of the major changes that had an impact on the game are being elaborated in this chapter for the benefit of the readers. UNPRODUCTIVE RAID RULEThe Asian Amateur Kabaddi Federation at the behest of certain member countries introduced the Unproductive Raid Rule. The ‘ rule reads as follows. â€Å"If in three consecutive raids by a side no point is scored by either side, the opponent's will get a point. The referee shall immediately declare such point which is to be recorded in the running score sheet by cutting the number with a cross mark â€Å"X†. The counts of such unproductive raids shall not be carried over to the game after ‘Lona', recess at half time and to extra time. â€Å"[Rules of Kabaddi Asian Amateur Kabaddi Federation 1980]As per the rule, in case no point is scored in three consecutive raids, the opponent's side automatically gains a point. The referee is to immediately declare the point which shall be recorded in the running score sheet with the mark ‘X'. Though the score sheets records the scoring of a point, there is to be no revival of teammates as in the normal points scored. The idea behind the introduction of this rule was to make sure that the raider went all out to struggle and gain points in order to avoid the risk of giving away points to the opponent's side through three consecutive unproductive raids.However, it did not work out the way in which it was visualized, since the game lost some of its thrill and the scores did not reflect the true picture of the team's performance. After practicing the rule for three years in the National as well as Inter-National level, it was unanimously decided by the Asian Amateur Kabaddi Federation and the Amateur Kabaddi federation of India to cancel the rule. Now the rule is not in force at either the National or the inter- National level anymore. TIME OUT SYSTEM The time out system has recently been introduced in the Asian and Amateur Kabaddi Federation of India rules.Hither to, â€Å"Time Out† was allowed when called by the captain of the team, with the permission of the referee, only in the event of injury of a player, not exceeding two minutes. Even in such an instance, no player on either side was allowed to leave the court witho ut the permission of the referee. The Time Out Rule reads: † Each team shall be allowed to take two ‘time out' of 30 seconds in each half. Such time out may be called by the captain/coach of the team with the permission of the referee. † †¢During the time out, team shall not leave the ground.Any violation is committed by the player/s/coach; a technical point shall be awarded to the opponent team. †¢Official time out: In the event of any injury to a player only, the referee shall call such time out. Such time out should not exceed two minutes. † BONUS LINE GAME The bonus line rule came into existence in the year 1978 as an out-come of some experiments conducted during a workshop organized by the Amateur Kabaddi Federation of India in the year 1976, to make the game more interesting. The Bonus Line is a line drawn parallel to the baulk line at a distance of one meter from the baulk line towards the end line.The rule reads: †¢Bon-us Line should be drawn at a distance of one meter from the baulk line towards the end lines. †¢One point shall be awarded to the raider when he completely crosses the Bonus Line. If the raider is caught, he shall be declared out and the opponent shall be awarded one point. One point shall also be awarded to the raider for having crossed the bonus line first. In this situation, the raider shall be awarded first point. †¢The bonus line will be applicable when there are minimum six players in the court.The bonus point shall be awarded by the Referee/Umpire after the completion of the raid, by showing thumb upwards towards the side which scores. †¢There shall be no revival for bonus point. †¢The bonus point shall be marked in the shape of a triangle in the running score. †¢If the raider after crossing the bonus line reaches home court safely touching one or more antis he will be awarded one bonus point in addition to the numbers. † It is further clarified that crossing th e Bonus Line is not compulsory and this rule applies only when the raider crosses the bonus line before the struggle.This rule makes the game more interesting since agile raiders can score points for their side without the risk of a struggle. A good defense is required to counter the raider's move to cross the Bonus Line and as such, the defense will concentrate on the Bonus Line, which will make the playing area smaller and increase the game's tempo. Without the Bonus Line, it is possible that both sides begin very cautiously and end up with zero or single digit points, which makes the match very dull and slow.It is also possible that neither the raider nor the defense will take any risk, which will make the result of the match very predictable. This rule is being followed in the Kabaddi tournaments at all levels in India and efforts are being made to include the rule at the Asian Level. In the meeting of the Asian Amateur Kabaddi Federation held during the SAF Games at Katmandu, N epal 1999, it was decided that the Bonus Line Rule be adopted by all member countries on an experimental basis for competitions at National level so as to consider the inclusion of the rule in the next Asian Games 2002.

4 Things You Should Never Say In a Job Interview

4 Things You Should Never Say In a Job Interview We’re all familiar with that sinking feeling of dread that sometimes hits after you’ve shaken your last hand and hit the lobby button in the elevator- is it possible you said something that contributed to the warm interview fizzling like an off-brand sparkler? You thought you have answered everything perfectly, even some of those hardest interview questions. The editors at MedReps.com have compiled a list of â€Å"must-avoid† statements  for anyone about to embark on an important interview.1. â€Å"I’m a fast learner.†This goes alongside â€Å"I’m enthusiastic† or â€Å"I’m a people person† as a hollow expression that, on reflection, doesn’t make you look like a better candidate. Instead of saying you’re a fast learner, have an anecdote or two ready to illustrate a time when you learned something quickly- bonus points if you learned something easily relatable to the job for which you’re interviewing .Your demeanor in the interview should tell the interviewer that you’ve got enthusiasm and people skills, too. If someone in HR can’t sense it, a client won’t either.2. â€Å"I’m a perfectionist.†This one was probably original and compelling in early 1993, a younger and simpler time, but by now everyone knows it’s what you say when you want to offer up a socially acceptable humblebrag. If you think about it a little more, what you’re actually saying is that you need everything to be a certain way- and if something goes off-plan, you won’t have the skills to adapt and recover.3. â€Å"No, I don’t have any questions.†Do you want to have no questions because you don’t care about the company, haven’t thought about your role there, or because you think the specifics are immaterial? Or did you want the interviewer to think you don’t even have enough professional experience to know you’re supp osed to have questions? Bottom line- have questions.4. â€Å"What does your company do?†Ugh. Why would you interview without doing even a cursory Googling?! It’s even better if you have a recent (positive) news article to bring up- show your interviewer you have a brain, the ability to think critically, and those aforementioned people skills and enthusiasm.It’s what a perfectionist would do.

A Separate Peace by John Knowles chapter summaries

A Separate Peace by John Knowles chapter summaries Chapter 1: The narrator (Gene) returns to the Devon School in New Hampshire, that he graduated from 15 years earlier. He goes to a certain tree and switches back to the past. Phineas dares everyone to jump from a branch in the tree into the river. Phineas, and Gene both jump. On the way back Phineas and Gene play fight so that they are late for dinner.Chapter 2:Mr. Prud'homme, a master, stops by the boys' room to scold them for missing dinner again for the ninth time in two weeks. Phineas explains that they were late because they were jumping out of the tree to toughen up for the war. Mr Prud'homme, accepts the explanation because, he, and everyone else, feel sorry for the boys that will soon have to go to war.Chapter 3: The boys join The Super Suicide Society of the Summer Session. The club meets every night.Gene-XPhineas and Gene open each night by jumping out of the tree. They make a new kind of war game called blitzball, in which everyone is everyone elses enemy. Phineas breaks t he schools swimming record, but tells Gene not to tell anyone, he just wanted to do it for himself. Gene and Phineas of campus to the ocean to swim. They have a drink at the bar, the spend the night on the beach, and Phineas tells Gene he is his best pal. Gene is not sure if he feels the same.Chapter 4: Gene and Finny (Phineas) wake up and head back to Devon. Gene fails his trigonometry examination for the first time. Finny tells Gene that he studies too much. Gene thinks Finny is jealous. Gene wants to earn the Scholastic Achievement Citation to get even with Finny. Gene knows that Finny must be best and...

How To Attack ACT Essay Prompts andRaiseYour Score

How To Attack ACT Essay Prompts andRaiseYour Score SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The update to the ACT Writing test has many students confused about how best to prepare. With so much more information to read before you start writing, the ACT essay's got to be more complicated right? Nope, not necessarily. Join me as I journey deep into the land of ACT essay prompts. feature image credit: The President of the Academy by indiamos, used under CC BY 2.0. What Does An ACT Writing Prompt Look Like, Anyway? Here’s the prompt I’ll be discussing and dissecting in this article: Public Health and Individual Freedom Most people want to be healthy, and most people want as much freedom as possible to do the things they want. Unfortunately, these two desires sometimes conflict. For example, smoking is prohibited from most public places, which restricts the freedom of some individuals for the sake of the health of others. Likewise, car emissions are regulated in many areas in order to reduce pollution and its health risks to others, which in turn restricts some people’s freedom to drive the vehicles they want. In a society that values both health and freedom, how do we best balance the two? How should we think about conflicts between public health and individual freedom? Read and carefully consider these perspectives. Each suggests a particular way of thinking about the conflict between public health and individual freedom. Perspective One: Our society should strive to achieve the greatest good for the greatest number of people. When the freedom of the individual interferes with that principle, freedom must be restricted. Perspective Two: Nothing in society is more valuable than freedom. Perhaps physical health is sometimes improved by restricting freedom, but the cost to the health of our free society is far too great to justify it. Perspective Three: The right to avoid health risks is a freedom, too. When we allow individual behavior to endanger others, we’ve damaged both freedom and health. Write a unified, coherent essay in which you evaluate multiple perspectives on the conflict between public health and individual freedom. In your essay, be sure to: analyze and evaluate the perspectives given state and develop your own perspective on the issue explain the relationship between your perspective and those given Your perspective may be in full agreement with any of the others, in partial agreement, or wholly different. Whatever the case, support your ideas with logical reasoning and detailed, persuasive examples. What ACT Wants to See in Your Essay: A Short Summary Before we dive deep into the depths of ACT Writing prompts, I wanted to quickly mention four key things that you need to do in your essay in order to score above average. These four points are taken from both ACT prompt instructions (as above) and the ACT Writing rubric. To score at least a 6/12 (or an 18/36 if you took the test September 2015-June 2016), your essay must... Pick a point of view. If you don't have a clear thesis that states what your opinion on the issue is, then it will be difficult to get above a 2 in the Ideas Analysis and Development Support domains (for more information on these, go to our articleexplaining the ACT Writing rubric). Discuss all three perspectives. Again, if you fail to address all three perspectives, it will be very difficult to get above a 2 in the Ideas Analysis and Development Support domains. Be organized clearly and logically. If you jump back and forth between ideas without transitions or a logical structure, it will be impossible for you to get above a 2 in the Organization domain on your essay. Be written in standard written English. Some grammatical errors are okay, but the more problems there are, the lower your score in the Language Use domain. For more information like this, read our 15 tips and strategies to use on the ACT essay. Why Are ACT Writing Prompts Written This Way? Now you know what an ACT Writing Prompt looks like, and what the ACT is looking for in your essay. Next question: why are ACT Writing prompts worded the way they are? There are few answers to this question, all of which have to do with why ACT, Inc. changed the essay in the first place. The new ACT Writing Test aligns more closely with the Common Core Writing Standards, which are designed as benchmarks that indicate students are ready for college. Hypothetically, by preparing for the ACT Writing Test, students will also be preparing for college and the type of writing they'll have to do there. Finally, the new ACT essay is designed to get more information about where students are and what areas they’re weak in. If, for instance, a student can analyze and support an argument about an issue, but has difficulty organizing his ideas and using proper grammar, the ACT Writing Test will identify these issues and provide feedback. More important than ACT, Inc.'s motivations for changing the Writing Test, however, are the effects the new ACT essay prompts will have on you. Are the new ACT Writing prompts going to be harder than the old ones? Not exactly. The way ACT Writing frames the essay prompts does a lot of the work for you. Previously, the rubric rewarded students who placed the prompt issue in a broader context, but didn't really provide any guidelines for how to go about doing this. Now, to some extent, the prompt does provide you with a broader context in which to set your argument. A second major change is the inclusion of three different perspectives. ACT Writing always provided two points of view for students to consider, but didn’t necessarily make it clear that you needed to address the view opposite yours and provide multiple points to back up your point of view. Now, by telling you that you have to discuss all three perspectives, ACT, Inc. is being clearer about its expectations. Additionally, each perspective provides not only a point of view, but the beginning of some reasoning to back it up. Rather than struggling to come up with a reason someone would agree with a perspective that you think is completely unreasonable, you now will at least have a starting point for explaining why a perspective might be true to some extent. ACT Writing Prompts: Patterns To Prepare For Purple Textile Pattern by Sherrie Thai, used under CC BY 2.0/Cropped from original. The next step is to go into the patterns of topics and perspectives that comprise the ACT Writing prompt. ACT Writing Prompt Topics, Dissected Here's an example of a topic paragraph and title of an essay prompt from an official ACT practice test: Public Health and Individual Freedom Most people want to be healthy, and most people want as much freedom as possible to do the things they want. Unfortunately, these two desires sometimes conflict. For example, smoking is prohibited from most public places, which restricts the freedom of some individuals for the sake of the health of others. Likewise, car emissions are regulated in many areas in order to reduce pollution and its health risks to others, which in turn restricts some people’s freedom to drive the vehicles they want. In a society that values both health and freedom, how do we best balance the two? How should we think about conflicts between public health and individual freedom? In addition to providing introductory material about the topic, this paragraph includes possible examples that can be used in your essay. Even if you didn’t know about the topic before the test, there are enough possible starting points there that a lack of knowledge shouldn’t negatively affect you too much. So what's the pattern behind each ACT Writing topic paragraph? The basic topic is always something along the lines of "How humans are changing the world," or "The way the world is changing?" You're then told about a conflict that has arisen as a result of the change and asked to discuss it. Take the "Public Health and Individual Freedom" prompt. The title gives you the general topic area. Next, the first two sentences lay out the basis of the conflict described in this prompt. In this case, the conflict is between being healthy and being allowed to do whatever you want. Most people want to be healthy, and most people want as much freedom as possible to do the things they want. Unfortunately, these two desires sometimes conflict. The paragraph will go on to provide multiple examples of the prompt in action in the world today. These are all possible examples that you can use in your essay to support your discussion of the three perspectives (more on that later). For example, smoking is prohibited from most public places, which restricts the freedom of some individuals for the sake of the health of others. Likewise, car emissions are regulated in many areas in order to reduce pollution and its health risks to others, which in turn restricts some people’s freedom to drive the vehicles they want. The prompt will usually end with an explicit statement of the conflict - in this case, how can a balance be struck between individual freedom and right to health? You'll be asked to discuss how humans are changing the world (in this case, society and its rules, rather than the physical world). In a society that values both health and freedom, how do we best balance the two? How should we think about conflicts between public health and individual freedom? Finally, you are charged with examining multiple perspectives on the issue, which is restated (the conflict between public health and individual freedom). Write a unified, coherent essay in which you evaluate multiple perspectives on the conflict between public health and individual freedom. Conformal Cats by Steve Jurvetson, used under CC BY 2.0/Cropped resized from original. Some see the glass as half-full, some see it as half-empty, and some see it and say, "Why is a cat drinking out of my glass?!" ACT Writing Prompt Perspectives, Dissected There are three basic views that underlie the three perspectives you’re given in the ACT essay prompt. I've titled them based on three different philosophical stances so that they're easier to refer to (rather than calling them A, B, and C). 1. Conservatism Perspectives that fall into this category are not conservative in a political sense. Instead, these perspectives claim that change is not good or positive, or that things are better the way they are (or were). Here are two examples of what this looks like in action: Perspective on "Intelligent Machines": What we lose with the replacement of people by machines is some part of our own humanity. Even our mundane daily encounters no longer require from us basic courtesy, respect, and tolerance for other people. Perspective on "Public Health and Individual Freedom": Nothing in society is more valuable than freedom. Perhaps physical health is sometimes improved by restricting freedom, but the cost to the health of our free society is far too great to justify it. 2. Utilitarianism This perspective takes a practical view of whatever issue is presented in the topic paragraph. It will always be in favor of the most efficient choice that provides the most benefits for as many people as possible. Here are two examples of utilitarian perspectives: Perspective on "Intelligent Machines": Machines are good at low-skill, repetitive jobs, and at high-speed, extremely precise jobs. In both cases they work better than humans. This efficiency leads to a more prosperous and progressive world for everyone. Perspective on "Public Health and Individual Freedom": Our society should strive to achieve the greatest good for the greatest number of people. When the freedom of the individual interferes with that principle, freedom must be restricted. 3. Progressivism The last perspective is one that is in favor of progress (hence, "progressivism"). It takes the view that the change in the world caused as a result of the issue or conflict is positive. Both of these perspectives from official ACT prompts fit into the "progressivism" category: Perspective on "Intelligent Machines": Intelligent machines challenge our long-standing ideas about what humans are or can be. This is good because it pushes both humans and machines toward new, unimagined possibilities. Perspective on "Public Health and Individual Freedom": The right to avoid health risks is a freedom, too. When we allow individual behavior to endanger others, we’ve damaged both freedom and health. progress by Sean MacEntee, used under CC BY 2.0/Cropped from original. How Can I Use This Info In My Essay? 1. Prepare Evidence Ahead of Time Because you know you’ll be asked about ways in which the world is changing, it's possible to come up with examples to use on the test ahead of time. Where should you look for examples? Current events. Pay attention to what's happening in the news and the world today. History. If you're going to be writing about how the world has changed, it helps to know what was true in the past. Think about the ways things have changed in your personal life as you’ve grown up. For instance, in my lifetime, I've seen the change from cassette tapes to CDs to MP3s to streaming music. What are big shifts that you've seen occur? Maybe it's the change from regular cellphones to smartphones, or the election of the first black President of the United States. Make sure that you're able not just to identify the changes, but to discuss WHAT changed before and after these shifts. Since the ACT cannot fact-check you on your own experiences, you can also, as always, make up examples from your own life to support your point. Some students find this option intimidating because it requires being able to quickly think of an example that logically supports a point. If the thought of doing this on the ACT makes you nervous, you should try it out on a practice test first; if it doesn't go well, then you'll know to stick to current, historical, and personal events as examples in your essay. 2. Plan Your Organizational Strategy Since you have to cover three perspectives (at least) on the ACT essay, making sure your essay is organized is more important than ever. But how can you practice being organized on your essay? Using the three core perspectives (conservatism, utilitarianism, and progressivism), figure out what the easiest and most logical way to organize your essay is for you. You might decide that you'll always take the conservative point of view and combine the utilitarian and progressive points of view into one contrasting paragraph, as this sample 6 essay from the ACT website does. Take a look at my step-by-step construction of a top scoring ACT Writing essay for another possible organizational strategy. 3. Try to Construct Your Own ACT Writing Prompts If you really want to get good at answering the ACT essay prompts, try making up your own prompts that adhere to the guidelines I’ve laid out in this article. Thinking up your own ACT essay prompt will force you to come up with the three perspectives on your own and become even more familiar with the way the prompts are constructed. As a bonus, you can then write practice essays in response to these prompts. See if you can get a bunch of friends to do this and swap prompts for practice†¦and FUN! Wedding Ready Boy by ND Strupler, used under CC BY 2.0/Cropped from original. Okay, I may be twisting the definition of fun here. Don't give me that look. What’s Next? Now that you understand the central ACT essay question and the three core perspectives, you probably want more prompts to practice with, right? These six ACT Writing prompts are a great place to start! Delve into the steps you need to take to get a perfect 12 on your ACT essay. What’s important in your ACT essay†¦and what’s not? Find out what will have the greatest impact on your essay score with this full analysis of the ACT Writing grading rubric! Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes your prep program to your strengths and weaknesses. We also have expert instructors who can grade every one of your practice ACT essays, giving feedback on how to improve your score. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Human hibernation for space travel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human hibernation for space travel - Essay Example Hibernation or winter sleep is the condition normally found in animals. Under this condition, there is a reduced heart rate with significant drop in the body temperature and metabolism. In case of mammals the body temperature reaches 2-4?C above the freezing point, while the organism consumes little oxygen as low as 2% of normal rates. Under such conditions an animal could stay without movement or food and does not require much energy (Long term space travel). The phenomenon could be exploited for humans when they travel interstellar distances. During this process activities like parks, plants, hospitals are negligible and individual is required to sleep with the onset of journey and then steady state is maintained with a slow supply of fresh air and low temperature constantly till the end of the journey. This is less energy consuming process as compared to daily routine activities (Long term space travel). In a study at North Carolina University geneticists have revealed the presenc e of genes capable of producing enzymes critical for hibernation. The presence of such genes is reported in humans. They are responsible for accountability of energy conservation process of body. Of these two genes, the first is capable of producing an enzyme that can breakdown their fat deposits to generate energy. On the other hand the second hibernation gene is concerned with conservation of glucose supply to the body. The conservation process takes care to supply required energy to central nervous system for the sustainability of life.

Ontarios Full-day kindergarten policy Term Paper

Ontarios Full-day kindergarten policy - Term Paper Example Some of these policies usually cover individual institutions while others always present a national and a government outlook. These policies are generally in relation to both the teachers’ and the students’ performances. They look at such issues as the teacher education and certification, the teaching methods employed, the content of the curriculum, the school infrastructure developments, the assessment methods, graduation requirements of the various institutions and the values expected to be upheld by these institutions of learning (Abbott, Rathbone & Whitehead, 2012). The various education policies in place and those that are newly formulated helps give a guideline to both instructors and learners on the availability of the different learning modes and how to effectively utilize them. It creates uniformity in the learning systems within the different institutions in the country making it easy to compare them on different fronts. These policies need to be addressed and implemented in the schools so that they can take effect and achieve their objectives. Most of these policies recognize learning as a journey in which the learners are equipped with the ability to discern what position they are in concerning their educational achievements. The learners should be able to determine where they are in the present, where they would be in the future and come up with various means to improve their present conditions (Abbott, Rathbone & Whitehead, 2012). One of the current policies in education that has been controversial in most parts of the country and that which has been used to gauge the performance of both the learners and their instructors, is the assessment policy of schools. It has been a practice for the government to assess institutions concerning their performances on different aspects. Students and schools have been graded based on their performances in the

Regulating Food Safety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Regulating Food Safety - Essay Example But are the current regulations working Do the current laws give the consumer the level of protection necessary to guarantee safety This paper will examine several examples of potential problems in our food supply. It will explain the problem, the government's position, and the level of success that the regulations have in controlling contamination in the human food chain. The difficulty for government to assure food safety through regulation is exemplified in the case of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE). BSE, also known as Mad Cow Disease, has taken lives, instilled panic in the public, and destroyed the beef market for producers. Cattle are grazing animals that do not naturally eat meat. Most experts agree that BSE was most likely spread by cattle eating feed that contained Meat-and-Bone Meal (MBM). The government has since banned the feeding of MBM to beef cattle in a strategy known as point of entry control. Government regulation, in regards to food, has proven to be most successful by monitoring those points in the food chain where contamination may occur. In the example of BSE, the incubation period in cattle is 4 to 6 years and an infected animal would show no signs of the disease when slaughtered. Likewise, testing all the beef to assure safety would increase the cost and may not prove efficient. However, controlling the most likely entry point of the disease can greatly reduce the likelihood of an outbreak. This action taken in conjunction with spot testing of cattle in the feed lots can be an effective course of action. With an isolated disease and a single point of entry for contamination, this approach works well. However, let us consider other contaminants that may be more pervasive and more difficult to control. Two such biological agents are e-coli and salmonella. These are common food contaminants that routinely show up in chicken and ground meat. Points of entry are far too numerous to control to assure safety. Routine testing at the production facilities can help reduce the danger, but not eliminate it below the desired threshold. Proper cooking eliminates the danger and it is left to the public to take responsibility for adequate preparation. However, what control does the consumer have over the proper handling and preparation of food served in a restaurant Government regulations are very thorough in their requirements for public food safety in the restaurant business. Recent regulations enacted into law as of Jan 1, 2006 mandate strict health inspections of restaurants and caterers. The laws outline the requirements for maintaining temperature control and proper handling of raw food. Cleanliness and hygiene are stressed, as is proper labelling of foods and ingredients. The government enforces the regulation by routine inspections of public restaurants. Though these regulations can not prevent outbreaks of food poisoning, they can help reduce the frequency and severity of them. The restaurant management and employees are, in the end, responsible for the safe handling of food. The proper training of food service workers could probably do more to eliminate food poisoning than any other step the government could take. Another area that consumers put themselves at risk is in the area of allergies and intolerance. Allergies to wheat, eggs, nuts, and almost anything else can be fatal to some consumers. Others face mild to severe reactions. Consumers are only able to evaluate the contents of the product